According to the DSM-IV, dysthymia is characterized by an overwhelming yet chronic state of depression, exhibited by a depressed mood for most of the days (for more days than not), for at least two years (in children and adolescents, mood can be irritable and duration must be at least one year). The person who suffers from this disorder must not have gone for more than two months without experiencing two or more of the following symptoms:
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Decreased or increased sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia)
• Fatigue or low energy
• Reduced self-esteem
• Poor concentration or problems making decisions
• Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
Other criteria for dysthymia must be met having to do with the specifics of the situation, and absence of a different etiology. Talk with your therapist to find out more about whether or not you may be suffering from dysthymia.
Dysthymia in children can also be associated with, learning disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, Conduct Disorder, and developmental disabilities. Some physical illnesses can also be associated with dysthymia. This disorder is also sometimes associated with personality disorders, however, it can at times be difficult to ascertain to what degree the personality disorder is affecting his or her life in comparison to the depression symptoms.
Because dysthymia tends to develop early in a person's life, sufferers of this disorder may not realize that they are depressed. They may feel that they their feelings are normal and usual. This obstacle can reduce the likelihood of diagnosis and treatment for some. Many people do not seek treatment unless they develop major depression. The average delay in seeking treatment for dysthymia is 10 years. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the likelihood of the person having trouble in social, academic, work, and other settings. In addition, the risk of substance abuse is increased over time without treatment.
At any given point, approximately 3% of the population may be affected by dysthymia. However, 6% of the population may suffer from this disorder in their lifetime. Family history of dysthymia may increase this likelihood, and roughly 10% of people with dysthymia will go on to develop major depression. The presence of both conditions is known as "double depression".
If you feel that you or someone you care about may be suffering from this condition, feel free to let me know if I may be of assistance.
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